I found that the PHP $_SERVER variable examples on the main PHP.net site (while informative) is far from easy to read and quick examples of return values were practically non-existant.

So, for my own reference (and anyone else who could use this) here are some $_SERVER return value examples.

$_SERVER Examples

Argument Example Return
PHP_SELF /event/details.php
GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1
SERVER_ADDR Server IP: 70.32.68.238
SERVER_NAME www.territory3.com
SERVER_SOFTWARE Apache/2.2.15 (Win32) JRun/4.0 PHP/5.4.10
SERVER_PROTOCOL HTTP/1.0
REQUEST_METHOD GET / POST / PUT / HEAD
REQUEST_TIME Request start time: 1283144027
QUERY_STRING id=10&user=foo
DOCUMENT_ROOT /path/to/server/root/
HTTP_ACCEPT text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING gzip,deflate
HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE en-gb,en;q=0.5
HTTP_CONNECTION keep-alive
HTTP_HOST www.territory3.com
HTTP_REFFERER http://previous.url.com
HTTP_USER_AGENT Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; en) AppleWebKit/125.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/125.8
HTTPS 1
REMOTE_ADDR 195.20.168.75
REMOTE_HOST Client server host name
REMOTE_PORT 5390
SCRIPT_FILENAME /path/to/script.php
SERVER_ADMIN team@territory3.com
SERVER_PORT 90
SERVER_SIGNATURE Version signature: 9.250
SCRIPT_NAME /event/details.php
REQUEST_URI /event/details.php

Source: Official PHP $_SERVER Documentation